Utilities for analyzing I / O operations.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump - enable dump IO in syslog
dstat -ta --top-bio
dstat -tdf --disk-util
dstat --aio --io --disk --tcp --top-io-adv --top-bio-adv
iotop --only
iostat -x -m 1 5
vmstat
atop -dl

dd if=/dev/zero of=/disk2/test/out bs=8k count=10k status=progress

check disk fragmentation:

e4defrag -c /dev/sdb${1..10}

commit=60 – mount option